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IPO: Definition

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Simple Definition

Initial Public Offering. When a company first sells stock to the public.

Why It Matters

IPOs are when private companies become public - Facebook's 2012 IPO raised $16 billion in one day. They're exciting but risky: some IPOs (Google, Amazon) made investors rich; others (WeWork, many 2021 tech IPOs) tanked. The average investor rarely gets IPO shares at the offering price - those go to big institutions and wealthy clients.

Key Points

  • The 'IPO pop' (first-day surge) benefits those who got shares at offering price, not retail buyers
  • Many financial advisors suggest waiting 6+ months after IPO before buying - let the hype settle
  • Lock-up period (usually 90-180 days): insiders can't sell shares immediately, but when they can, the stock often drops

Related Terms

Common Questions

Initial Public Offering. When a company first sells stock to the public. IPOs are when private companies become public - Facebook's 2012 IPO raised $16 billion in one day. They're exciting but risky: some IPOs (Google, Amazon) made investors rich; others (WeWork, many 2021 tech IPOs) tanked.

IPOs are when private companies become public - Facebook's 2012 IPO raised $16 billion in one day. They're exciting but risky: some IPOs (Google, Amazon) made investors rich; others (WeWork, many 2021 tech IPOs) tanked. The average investor rarely gets IPO shares at the offering price - those go to big institutions and wealthy clients.

The 'IPO pop' (first-day surge) benefits those who got shares at offering price, not retail buyers

Many financial advisors suggest waiting 6+ months after IPO before buying - let the hype settle

Lock-up period (usually 90-180 days): insiders can't sell shares immediately, but when they can, the stock often drops