Economy

Yield Curve: Definition

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Simple Definition

A chart showing interest rates on bonds of different lengths - it predicts recessions when it inverts.

Why It Matters

The yield curve is one of the most reliable recession predictors. Normally, long-term bonds pay more than short-term (you get rewarded for locking up money longer). When short-term rates exceed long-term rates (inversion), it signals investors expect trouble ahead. An inverted yield curve has preceded every U.S. recession since 1955.

Key Points

  • Normal: 10-year Treasury yields more than 2-year Treasury
  • Inverted: 2-year yields more than 10-year (recession warning)
  • The lag between inversion and recession is typically 6-18 months

Related Terms

Common Questions

A chart showing interest rates on bonds of different lengths - it predicts recessions when it inverts. The yield curve is one of the most reliable recession predictors. Normally, long-term bonds pay more than short-term (you get rewarded for locking up money longer).

The yield curve is one of the most reliable recession predictors. Normally, long-term bonds pay more than short-term (you get rewarded for locking up money longer). When short-term rates exceed long-term rates (inversion), it signals investors expect trouble ahead. An inverted yield curve has preceded every U.S. recession since 1955.

Normal: 10-year Treasury yields more than 2-year Treasury

Inverted: 2-year yields more than 10-year (recession warning)

The lag between inversion and recession is typically 6-18 months